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| Losing Weight May Decrease Risk for Breast Cancer |
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This most recent study analyzed data from the Pooling Project of Prospective Studies of Diet and Cancer (DCPP) to look at over 180,000 women aged 50 and older from ten studies – one of the largest data sets to consider weight loss as a specific breast cancer factor.
Conducted by researchers at the American Cancer Society and Harvard T.H.
Chan School of Public Health, the study monitored the weight of the participants over 10 years (at study enrollment; after about five years; then again about four years later) to determine the potential link between sustained weight loss and risk of breast cancer.
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They found that compared to women who maintained a stable weight, women who lost weight and kept it off showed a reduced risk of breast cancer. And to make the case even stronger for that New Year’s gym membership, the more weight loss, the lower the risk became.
The Harvard research on more than 180,000 participants found those who lost the most weight cut their risk by up to a quarter.
One in eight women in the UK will develop breast cancer during their lifetime.
Being overweight is a driving factor for the disease, particularly after the menopause.
This is because estrogen naturally drops after the age of around 55, but fat cells keep the hormone raised, which can cause tumors to grow.
Two in three women in Britain are overweight or obese.
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The study involved women whose body mass index lay between 22.7 and 28.3 at the start of the research. Anything above 25 is considered overweight. Over the course of a decade, their weight was tracked.
Those who lost between 4.4 and 10 lbs saw their breast cancer risk fall by 13 percent, with falls of 16 percent for those losing between 10 and 20 lbs, and of 26 percent for those who lost even more.
Among those who lost the most weight, reductions in risk were seen even if they put some of it back on.
Study lead author Dr. Lauren Teras, an epidemiologist at the American Cancer Society, said: “Our results suggest even a modest amount of sustained weight loss is associated with lower breast cancer risk for women over 50.”
She said the findings, published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, could be a strong motivator for those who are overweight to try to shed the pounds.
“Perhaps equally as important, these results suggest that gaining weight, and then losing it, confers the same breast cancer risk as keeping a stable body weight.
“In other words, it is not too late to lower your risk of breast cancer if you have gained weight after age 50.”
excess body weight is an established risk factor for breast cancer. Research suggests that’s because too much body fat can elevate levels of sex hormones like estrogen, especially among postmenopausal women. But despite knowing there is a correlation between extra weight and breast cancer, it’s been difficult to study how losing that weight could affect an individual woman’s chance of developing cancer.
Now, a new paper published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute provides encouraging evidence that, for women 50 and older, virtually any amount of sustained weight loss translates to a reduction in breast cancer risk.
“We’re so thankful to be able to say it’s not too late to lower your risk if you’ve previously gained weight, even after age 50,” says study co-author Lauren Teras, scientific director of epidemiology research at the American Cancer Society.
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The research drew on data collected through the Pooling Project of Prospective Studies of Diet and Cancer, an international set of studies that seeks to elucidate the relationship between diet and cancer among women without a history of the disease. For the new paper, researchers used data from about 180,000 women living in the U.S., Australia, and Asia, all of whom were 50 or older and cancer-free when the studies began. Each woman also provided researchers with data about her weight and body mass index, as well as lifestyle and demographic characteristics.
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The researchers monitored participants’ weight changes for 10 years after they joined the study, examining survey data collected every few years to see if their weight had gone up, gone down, or remained stable. (Most studies used self-reported height and weight data.) After that decade, they tracked the women for another eight years or so to see how many developed breast cancer. Almost 7,000 did.
After adjusting for other factors that can affect breast cancer risks, such as exercise habits and the use of hormone replacement therapy, the researchers found that the more weight a woman lost, the lower her risk of breast cancer became. Among women not using hormone therapy (which is sometimes used to replace hormones lost during menopause, and has been linked to breast cancer risk), losing about 4.5 pounds—and keeping it off—seemed to be enough to drive risk down by around 18%, compared to a woman of similar starting weight who did not lose any. Sustained weight loss of 20 pounds and up corresponded to a roughly 32% lower risk.
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Given the relationship between excess body weight and cancer risk, the effects of weight loss appeared to be much stronger among women who started the study overweight. That’s an important takeaway, Teras notes since about 70% of American adults are considered either overweight or obese. “Women who are at a healthy weight don’t need to lose weight,” Teras says.
Teras’ study could not prove cause and effect, only pick up on associations between weight loss and breast cancer. For that reason, she says, it’s not entirely possible to say why dropping pounds could reduce cancer risk, though it likely reverses some of the hormonal activity sparked by weight gain.
Understanding weight gain and cancer riskSeveral studies have explored why being overweight or obese may increase cancer risk and growth. The possible reasons that obesity is linked with cancer include:
Increased levels of insulin and insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which may help some cancers develop
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| Losing Weight May Decrease Risk for Breast Cancer |
Higher amounts of estrogen produced by fat tissue, which can drive the development of some cancers, such as breast and endometrial cancers
Fat cells may affect processes that regulate cancer cell growth.
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How your weight changes throughout your life may also affect your risk of cancer. Studies have shown that the following factors can affect your cancer risk:
High birth weight
Gaining weight as an adult
Losing and regaining weight repeatedly
Research suggests that maintaining a healthy weight is associated with a lower risk of cancer and of cancer returning in survivors.
Types of cancer linked with an increased weight
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Being overweight or obese has been linked to these cancers:
Breast
Colorectal
Uterine
Kidney
Head and neck
Esophageal
Pancreatic
Endometrium
Prostate
Gallbladder
Thyroid
Measuring weight gain Obesity is often measured with body mass index (BMI) and waist measurements. BMI is the ratio of a person’s weight and height. A healthy BMI is usually between 18.5 and 24.9. A BMI between 25 and 29.5 is considered overweight, while a BMI of 30 or higher is obese.
Also, people with larger waist measurements have a higher risk of various diseases, such as heart disease. Healthy waist measurement is under 40 inches for men and under 35 inches for women.
Weight management tips To control weight gain, pay attention to what you eat and how much you exercise. You should also make healthy choices about what you eat and drink. This can be challenging because eating a high-calorie diet is typical in the United States. The reasons for this include a complete, relatively low-cost food supply and large portions. Here are some tips to help:
Eat more vegetables, fruits, lean protein, and whole grains. Some types of food, such as broth-based soups, also help a person feel “full” faster.
Avoid foods and beverages that are high in sugar, such as juice and soda.
Eat and drink only as many calories as you need to maintain a healthy weight and support your level of physical activity.
Aim for 30 to 60 minutes per day of moderate to intense physical activity on most days. But even a small increase in physical activity has benefits.
There is a large body of evidence demonstrating that overweight and obesity, are associated with an increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer.
Women who lose weight after age 50 and keep it off have a lower risk of breast cancer than women whose weight stays the same, according to a study from researchers at the American Cancer Society, the Harvard T.H.
The study was published on December 17, 2019 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
This higher risk is partial because fat cells make estrogen; extra fat cells mean more estrogen in the body, and estrogen can make hormone-receptor-positive breast cancers develop and grow.
Scientists also have recently found that extra fat cells can trigger long-term, low-grade inflammation in the body.
Chronic inflammation has been linked to a higher risk of breast cancer recurrence; the proteins secreted by the immune system seem to stimulate breast cancer cells to grow, especially estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
the results were seen more in women who were overweight or obese, Teras said getting to a healthy body weight has many health benefits and is a good goal for everyone.
Getting to a healthy weight and staying there is not easy for most people. Losing even a small amount of weight – for example, half a pound a week – is a good place to start.
Weight management tips..To control weight gain:
Eat more vegetables, fruits, lean protein, and whole grains. Some types of food, such as broth-based soups, also help a person feel “full” faster.
Avoid foods and beverages that are high in sugar, such as juice and soda.
Eat and drink only as many calories as you need to maintain a healthy weight and support your level of physical activity.
Aim for 30 to 60 minutes per day of moderate to intense physical activity on most days.
But even a small increase in physical activity has benefits.
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| Losing Weight May Decrease Risk for Breast Cancer |
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